下列關於mitral stenosis (MS) 的敘述何者為誤?
mitral stenosis 通常是rheumatic in origin 而且2/3 好發於男性
嚴重的MS 會造成cardiac output 降低及pulmonary hypertension
常見的症狀有hemoptysis 及recurrent pulmonary emboli
聽診方面會有first heart sound accentuation and opening snap